Jewish Last Names
Explore Jewish last names from Ashkenazi, Sephardic and Mizrahi traditions, from Cohen and Levi to Horowitz, Toledano and Sassoon, each with its meaning and the history behind it.
300 real surnames with meanings, A to Z.
A
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Aaronson אהרונסון
Son of Aaron
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Abecassis אבקסיס
Possibly father of the priest (Arabic)
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Abergel אברג'ל
Moroccan Jewish family; possibly Berber origin
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Abramowitz אברמוביץ
Son of Abram (Abraham)
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Abravanel אברבנאל
Iberian Sephardi family; origin uncertain
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Abulafia אבולעפיה
Father of health (Arabic abu al-afiya)
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Abutbul אבוטבול
Father of the drum (Arabic)
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Adler אדלר
Eagle; often a house sign
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Aharon אהרון
Aaron; possibly exalted
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Alfasi אלפסי
From Fez, Morocco
-
Alon אלון
Oak tree
-
Amar עמר
Long-lived (Arabic)
-
Amit עמית
Colleague; friend
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Amsalem אמסלם
Moroccan Jewish family; possibly Berber origin
-
Apfelbaum אפלבאום
Apple tree
-
Arad ערד
Biblical city in the Negev
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Ashkenazi אשכנזי
Ashkenazi; Jew of German origin
-
Assouline אסולין
Possibly Berber for rocks; Moroccan Jewish
-
Attar עטר
Perfumer (Arabic)
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Auerbach אוירבך
From Auerbach, Germany
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Avidan אבידן
Father of judgment
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Avital אביטל
Father of dew
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Avraham אברהם
Abraham; father of many
-
Azoulay אזולאי
Moroccan Jewish family; possibly Berber origin
B
-
Bacharach בכרך
From Bacharach on the Rhine
-
Baer בער
Bear; Yiddish name linked to Issachar
-
Barak ברק
Lightning
-
Bavli בבלי
Babylonian; from Iraq
-
Becker בקר
Baker
-
Ben-Ami בן עמי
Son of my people
-
Ben-Ari בן ארי
Son of a lion
-
Ben-David בן דוד
Son of David
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Ben-Dor בן דור
Son of the generation
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Ben-Gurion בן גוריון
Son of a lion cub
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Ben-Haim בן חיים
Son of Haim, life
-
Ben-Moshe בן משה
Son of Moses
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Ben-Nun בן נון
Son of Nun, like Joshua
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Ben-Shimon בן שמעון
Son of Simeon
-
Ben-Tzion בן ציון
Son of Zion
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Ben-Yehuda בן יהודה
Son of Judah
-
Ben-Yosef בן יוסף
Son of Joseph
-
Ben-Zvi בן צבי
Son of Zvi, deer
-
Benatar בן עטר
Son of the perfumer
-
Benveniste בנבנשתי
Welcome (Catalan and Spanish)
-
Bergman ברגמן
Mountain man; miner
-
Berkowitz ברקוביץ
Son of Berek, a pet form of Ber, bear
-
Berliner ברלינר
From Berlin
-
Bernstein ברנשטיין
Amber
-
Birnbaum בירנבאום
Pear tree
-
Bitton ביטון
Moroccan Jewish family; possibly Berber origin
-
Bloch בלוך
Foreigner from Italy or France (Polish Włoch)
-
Blum בלום
Flower
-
Blumberg בלומברג
Flower mountain
-
Blumenthal בלומנטל
Flower valley
-
Braun בראון
Brown; brown-haired
-
Brenner ברנר
Distiller of spirits
-
Brodsky ברודסקי
From Brody in Galicia
C
-
Cardozo קרדוזו
Thistly place (Portuguese)
-
Carmi כרמי
My vineyard
-
Carmona קרמונה
From Carmona, Spain
-
Castro קסטרו
Fort; castle (Spanish and Portuguese)
-
Chaikin חייקין
Son of Chaika, a female name from chaim, life
-
Chazan חזן
Cantor who leads synagogue prayer
-
Chetrit שטרית
Moroccan Jewish family; possibly from a Berber place
-
Cohen כהן
Priest; descendant of Aaron
D
-
Dahan דהאן
Painter or oil seller (Arabic)
-
Damari דמארי
From Dhamar, Yemen
-
Davidson דוידסון
Son of David
-
Dayan דיין
Rabbinical court judge
-
Deutsch דויטש
German; German-speaking
-
Diamant דיאמנט
Diamond
-
Dreyfus דרייפוס
From Trier (Treves), Germany
-
Dror דרור
Freedom; swallow bird
-
Dvorkin דבורקין
Son of Dvorah (Deborah)
E
-
Edelstein אדלשטיין
Precious stone
-
Einstein איינשטיין
Possibly from einsteinen, to enclose with stone; or a house name
-
Eisenberg אייזנברג
Iron mountain
-
Eisenstein אייזנשטיין
Iron stone
-
Eitan איתן
Strong; steadfast
-
Elbaz אלבז
The falcon (Arabic al-baz)
-
Elkayam אלקיים
Possibly the steadfast one (Arabic)
-
Epstein אפשטיין
From Eppstein in Hesse, Germany
-
Erez ארז
Cedar tree
-
Eshkol אשכול
Cluster of grapes
-
Ettinger אטינגר
From Oettingen in Bavaria
-
Ezra עזרא
Help
F
-
Feigenbaum פייגנבאום
Fig tree
-
Feinberg פיינברג
Fine mountain
-
Feldman פלדמן
Field man
-
Finkelstein פינקלשטיין
Sparkling stone
-
Finzi פינצי
Italian Jewish family; origin uncertain
-
Fisher פישר
Fisherman or fish seller
-
Franco פרנקו
Free; Frankish (Spanish and Italian)
-
Frankel פרנקל
From Franconia, Germany
-
Frankfurter פרנקפורטר
From Frankfurt
-
Friedman פרידמן
Man of peace; from Yiddish fridman
G
-
Gabbai גבאי
Synagogue warden; treasurer
-
Gafni גפני
My vine
-
Gal גל
Wave
-
Gelb גלב
Yellow
-
Ginsburg גינזבורג
From Günzburg in Bavaria
-
Glaser גלזר
Glazier
-
Glick גליק
Luck; good fortune
-
Golan גולן
Golan; biblical city of refuge
-
Goldberg גולדברג
Gold mountain
-
Goldman גולדמן
Gold man; possibly a goldsmith
-
Goldschmidt גולדשמידט
Goldsmith
-
Goldstein גולדשטיין
Gold stone
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Gordon גורדון
Possibly from Grodno, Belarus
-
Greenberg גרינברג
Green mountain
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Greenspan גרינשפן
Verdigris; green copper patina
-
Gross גרוס
Big; tall
-
Grossman גרוסמן
Big man
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Grunwald גרינוולד
Green forest
H
-
Hadad חדד
Blacksmith (Arabic)
-
Hadar הדר
Splendor; glory
-
Hakim חכים
Wise man; physician (Arabic)
-
Halfon חלפון
Money changer
-
Halpern הלפרין
From Heilbronn, Germany
-
Handler הנדלר
Dealer; trader
-
Harel הראל
Mountain of God
-
Hecht הכט
Pike fish; house sign
-
Heller הלר
From Halle; or a small coin
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Henriques הנריקס
Son of Henrique; Portuguese Sephardi
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Hershkowitz הרשקוביץ
Son of Hershel, little deer
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Herzog הרצוג
Duke; possibly a house sign
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Himmelfarb הימלפרב
Sky color; sky blue
-
Hirsch הירש
Deer; Yiddish name linked to Naphtali
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Hirschfeld הירשפלד
Deer field
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Hoffman הופמן
Farm steward; courtier
-
Honig הוניג
Honey; honey dealer
-
Horowitz הורוביץ
From Hořovice in Bohemia
I
-
Ibn Ezra אבן עזרא
Son of Ezra (Arabic ibn)
-
Iraqi עיראקי
From Iraq
-
Itzkovich איצקוביץ
Son of Itzik (Isaac)
J
-
Jacobson יעקובסון
Son of Jacob
K
-
Kagan קגן
Russian form of Cohen, priest
-
Kahane כהנא
Aramaic form of Cohen, priest
-
Kahn קאהן
German form of Cohen, priest
-
Kaiser קייזר
Emperor; house sign
-
Kaplan קפלן
Chaplain; Polish translation of Cohen
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Karmeli כרמלי
Of Mount Carmel
-
Katz כץ
Acronym of kohen tzedek, priest of righteousness
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Katzenelenbogen קצנלנבוגן
From Katzenelnbogen in Hesse
-
Kaufman קאופמן
Merchant; trader
-
Kedem קדם
East; ancient times
-
Kessler קסלר
Coppersmith; kettle maker
-
Kirschenbaum קירשנבאום
Cherry tree
-
Klein קליין
Small; short
-
Kleinman קליינמן
Small man
-
Kohn כהן
Central European spelling of Cohen, priest
-
Krakauer קרקאואר
From Kraków
-
Kramer קרמר
Shopkeeper; peddler
L
-
Landau לנדאו
From Landau in the Palatinate
-
Lapid לפיד
Torch
-
Lerner לרנר
Learner; student of Torah
-
Levi לוי
Levite; descendant of the tribe of Levi
-
Levin לוין
Levite; Russian and Baltic form
-
Levine לוין
Levite; Anglicized Russian form
-
Levinson לוינסון
Son of Levi or Levin
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Levitan לויטן
Levite; Eastern European form
-
Levy לוי
Spelling of Levi; Levite
-
Lichtenstein ליכטנשטיין
Light stone
-
Lieberman ליברמן
Beloved man; from Yiddish liber
-
Liebowitz ליבוביץ
Son of Leib, lion
-
Lipschitz ליפשיץ
From Leobschütz in Silesia
-
Litvak ליטבק
Lithuanian Jew
-
Livni לבני
White; biblical son of Gershon
-
Loeb ליב
Lion; symbol of the tribe of Judah
-
Lowenthal לוונטל
Lion valley
-
Luria לוריא
Possibly from Loria in Italy
-
Luzzatto לוצאטו
From Lusatia; Italian Jewish family
M
-
Malka מלכה
Queen
-
Malkin מלקין
Son of Malka, queen
-
Mandel מנדל
Almond; or from Mendel (Menachem)
-
Mandelbaum מנדלבאום
Almond tree
-
Mandelstam מנדלשטם
Almond stem
-
Margolis מרגליות
Pearls (Hebrew margaliyot)
-
Meir מאיר
One who shines; illuminator
-
Melamed מלמד
Teacher of young children
-
Mendelson מנדלסון
Son of Mendel, a pet form of Menachem
-
Mendes מנדס
Son of Mendo; Portuguese Sephardi
-
Mizrahi מזרחי
Easterner; Jew from the Middle East
-
Montefiore מונטיפיורי
Flower mountain (Italian)
-
Mor מור
Myrrh
-
Morgenstern מורגנשטרן
Morning star
-
Moshe משה
Moses; drawn out
-
Moskowitz מוסקוביץ
Son of Moshko, a pet form of Moses
N
-
Nahmani נחמני
Comforter; of Nahman
-
Nahmias נחמיאס
From Nehemiah, comforted by God
-
Nahum נחום
Comfort; consolation
-
Nakash נקש
Engraver (Arabic)
-
Navon נבון
Wise; understanding
-
Netanyahu נתניהו
Given by God
-
Neumann נוימן
New man; newcomer
-
Nir ניר
Plowed field
-
Nissim ניסים
Miracles
-
Nussbaum נוסבאום
Nut tree
O
-
Ofer עופר
Young deer; fawn
-
Ohayon אוחיון
Moroccan Jewish family; origin uncertain
-
Oppenheimer אופנהיימר
From Oppenheim, Germany
-
Oren אורן
Pine tree
P
-
Pardo פרדו
Grey-brown; dark-complexioned (Spanish)
-
Pasternak פסטרנק
Parsnip
-
Peres פרס
Bearded vulture
-
Peretz פרץ
Breach; son of Judah in Genesis
-
Perlman פרלמן
Pearl man; pearl dealer
-
Pinsker פינסקר
From Pinsk, Belarus
-
Pinto פינטו
Painted; speckled (Portuguese)
-
Polak פולק
From Poland
-
Posner פוזנר
From Poznań (Posen), Poland
R
-
Rabin רבין
Rabbi
-
Rabinowitz רבינוביץ
Son of the rabbi
-
Rapaport רפפורט
Rapa family of Porto, Italy
-
Rimon רימון
Pomegranate
-
Rivkin ריבקין
Son of Rivka (Rebecca)
-
Rosen רוזן
Roses
-
Rosenbaum רוזנבאום
Rose tree
-
Rosenberg רוזנברג
Rose mountain
-
Rosenblum רוזנבלום
Rose flower
-
Rosenthal רוזנטל
Rose valley
-
Roth רוט
Red; red-haired; also a house sign
-
Rothschild רוטשילד
Red shield; house sign in Frankfurt
-
Rubin רובין
Ruby; or from Reuben
-
Rubinstein רובינשטיין
Ruby stone
S
-
Saadia סעדיה
Help of God
-
Sabag צבאג
Dyer (Arabic)
-
Sadeh שדה
Field
-
Salzman זלצמן
Salt merchant
-
Saporta ספורטה
The door (Catalan)
-
Sasportas ששפורטש
Six doors (Catalan); North African family
-
Sasson ששון
Joy; gladness
-
Sassoon ששון
Baghdadi spelling of Sasson, joy
-
Schechter שכטר
Ritual slaughterer
-
Schiff שיף
Ship; house sign in Frankfurt
-
Schneider שניידר
Tailor
-
Schreiber שרייבר
Scribe; writer
-
Schuster שוסטר
Shoemaker
-
Schwartz שוורץ
Black; dark-haired
-
Segal סגל
Acronym of segan leviyah, assistant to the Levites
-
Seligman זליגמן
Blessed man
-
Serfaty צרפתי
Frenchman (Hebrew Tsarfati)
-
Sfaradi ספרדי
From Spain (Hebrew Sepharad)
-
Shabtai שבתאי
Born on the Sabbath
-
Shaked שקד
Almond
-
Shalev שלו
Calm; serene
-
Shalom שלום
Peace
-
Shamash שמש
Synagogue sexton
-
Shamir שמיר
Flint; thorn
-
Shapiro שפירא
From Speyer, Germany
-
Sharabi שרעבי
From Sharab, Yemen
-
Sharon שרון
The Sharon coastal plain
-
Shaul שאול
Asked for; Saul
-
Shemesh שמש
Sun
-
Shochet שוחט
Ritual slaughterer (Hebrew)
-
Shoham שוהם
Onyx stone
-
Siegel זיגל
Variant of Segal; also German for seal
-
Silberstein זילברשטיין
Silver stone
-
Silverman סילברמן
Silver man; possibly a silversmith
-
Singer זינגר
Singer; synagogue cantor
-
Slutsky סלוצקי
From Slutsk, Belarus
-
Sofer סופר
Scribe of Torah scrolls (Hebrew)
-
Sorkin סורקין
Son of Sorke, a pet form of Sarah
-
Spielberg שפילברג
From Spielberg, a place name
-
Spira שפירא
From Speyer, Germany; older form
-
Stein שטיין
Stone
-
Steinberg שטיינברג
Stone mountain
-
Stern שטרן
Star; house sign
-
Sternberg שטרנברג
Star mountain
-
Strauss שטראוס
Ostrich; house sign in Frankfurt
T
-
Tal טל
Dew
-
Tamir תמיר
Tall; upright
-
Tannenbaum טננבאום
Fir tree
-
Teitelbaum טייטלבוים
Date palm tree
-
Tobi טובי
My good; Yemenite Jewish family
-
Toledano טולדנו
From Toledo, Spain
-
Tzadok צדוק
Righteous
-
Tzur צור
Rock
U
-
Unger אונגר
Hungarian
W
-
Warshawsky ורשבסקי
From Warsaw
-
Wasserman וסרמן
Water carrier
-
Weinberg וינברג
Vineyard; wine mountain
-
Weiner וינר
From Vienna
-
Weinstein וינשטיין
Wine stone; tartar
-
Weinstock וינשטוק
Grapevine
-
Weiss וייס
White; possibly fair-haired
-
Wertheimer ורטהיימר
From Wertheim, Germany
-
Wilner וילנר
From Vilnius (Vilna)
-
Wolf וולף
Wolf; symbol of the tribe of Benjamin
-
Wolfson וולפסון
Son of Wolf
Y
-
Yaakobi יעקבי
Of Jacob
-
Yadin ידין
He will judge
-
Yaron ירון
He will sing
-
Yehuda יהודה
Judah; praised
-
Yitzhak יצחק
Isaac; he will laugh
-
Yosef יוסף
Joseph; he will add
Z
-
Zakai זכאי
Pure; innocent
-
Zeitlin צייטלין
Possibly from Tsaytl, a Yiddish female name
-
Zohar זוהר
Radiance; brilliance
-
Zuckerman צוקרמן
Sugar merchant
Generate random jewish surnames
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Results (6)
-
Davidson
דוידסון
Son of David
-
Carmona
קרמונה
From Carmona, Spain
-
Mandel
מנדל
Almond; or from Mendel (Menachem)
-
Benatar
בן עטר
Son of the perfumer
-
Kagan
קגן
Russian form of Cohen, priest
-
Attar
עטר
Perfumer (Arabic)
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How Jewish last names were created
For most of history Jews used patronymics in daily and religious life, such as Moshe ben Avraham, Moses son of Abraham. Sephardic families in Spain and Portugal had fixed surnames earlier, but most Ashkenazi Jews in central and eastern Europe received them only between the 1780s and the 1840s, when Austria, Prussia, Russia and Napoleonic France ordered Jews to register permanent family names for taxation, conscription and civil records.
The new names fell into clear groups. Patronymics and matronymics gave Mendelssohn, Abramson and Rivkin, the last from the woman's name Rivka. Place names gave Berliner, Posner, Horowitz (from Hořovice in Bohemia), Shapiro (from Speyer) and Epstein. Occupations gave Schneider (tailor), Kaufman (merchant) and Singer (cantor). Ornamental names such as Rosenberg (rose mountain), Goldstein and Lilienthal (lily valley) were chosen for their sound, and stories of officials charging more for pretty names survive in many families.
Priestly names and the Sephardic tradition
Two sets of names reflect ancient religious roles. Cohen, Kahn, Kagan and Katz point to the kohanim, the priestly descendants of Aaron, and Katz is an abbreviation of kohen tzedek, righteous priest. Levi, Levy, Levin, Lewin, Levitt and Segal (from segan leviyah, assistant to the Levites) mark descent from the tribe of Levi. These roles still matter in synagogue life, so the names carry real meaning for many of the people who bear them.
Sephardic names come from a different world. Families expelled from Spain in 1492 and Portugal in 1497 kept surnames such as Toledano (from Toledo), Abravanel, Benveniste, Pinto and Mendes, and many settled in North Africa, the Ottoman Empire, Amsterdam and later the Americas. Mizrahi Jews from Iraq, Iran, Yemen and Syria carry names such as Sassoon, Dayan and Mizrahi. In Israel many immigrants took Hebrew names: David Grün became David Ben-Gurion and Golda Meyerson became Golda Meir.
Jewish last names in America and Ellis Island
Roughly two million Jews came to the United States from eastern Europe between 1881 and 1924. Family stories often say a name was changed at Ellis Island, but inspectors there worked from passenger lists written at the European port and did not rename people. Changes came later, usually by choice, as immigrants and their children shortened or anglicised names for work, school or to avoid prejudice. Rabinowitz might become Robbins, and Schneider might become Snyder or Taylor.
When researching Jewish ancestry, search for the original spelling in its Yiddish, German, Polish or Russian forms, since the same name could be written Schapiro, Szapiro or Shapiro. For fiction, match the name to the origin: a Galician Horowitz, a Lithuanian Levin, a Moroccan Azoulay and an Iraqi Sassoon each tell a different family story. Use the letter filter above to compare spellings that share the same root.
Frequently asked questions
When were most Jewish last names created?
Sephardic Jews often had inherited surnames by the late Middle Ages. Ashkenazi Jews mostly received them by law between 1787, when Austria issued its decree, and the middle of the nineteenth century in Russia. Before that, a person was usually known as the son or daughter of a parent, a system still used in Hebrew religious documents.
Why do so many Jewish surnames sound German?
Many Ashkenazi names were registered in German or in Yiddish, which is close to German, because Habsburg and Prussian authorities kept their records in German. Even in Poland and Russia, Yiddish forms like Goldberg or Weiss were common. Sephardic and Mizrahi names, by contrast, come from Spanish, Portuguese, Arabic and Hebrew.
Does the name Cohen mean someone is a priest?
Cohen comes from kohen, priest, and families with the name traditionally claim descent from Aaron, the first high priest. Not every Cohen is a kohen by tradition, and many kohanim have other surnames such as Katz, Kahn or Kaplan. In observant communities the status passes from father to son regardless of the surname.
Can Jewish last names show where a family came from?
Often they give a good hint. Place names such as Berliner, Posner or Brody point to specific towns, Slavic endings like -ovich or -sky suggest eastern Europe, and Spanish or Arabic names suggest Sephardic or Mizrahi roots. Families moved often, though, so records are more reliable than the name alone.
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