Polish Last Names
Explore Polish last names from Nowak and Kowalski to rare village names, each with its meaning. Learn what the -ski, -wicz and -ak endings tell you and how names changed in America.
300 real surnames with meanings, A to Z.
A
-
Adamczyk
Son of Adam
-
Adamski
Son of Adam, or from Adamy
-
Andrzejewski
Son of Andrzej
B
-
Bąk
Bittern bird, or horsefly
-
Baran
Ram
-
Baranowski
From a place named Baranów, ram
-
Bartczak
Son of Bartek, Bartholomew
-
Bartkowiak
Son of Bartek
-
Bednarek
Son of the cooper
-
Bednarz
Cooper, barrel maker
-
Białas
White-haired, fair
-
Bielecki
From a place named Bielcza, white
-
Błaszczyk
Son of Błażej, Blaise
-
Bocian
Stork
-
Bogdański
Son of Bogdan, given by God
-
Borkowski
From a place named Borki, forest
-
Borowski
From a place named Borów, pine forest
-
Boruta
Forest demon of Polish folklore
-
Brzeziński
From a place named Brzezina, birch
-
Brzozowski
From a place named Brzozów, birch
-
Buczek
Little beech
-
Bukowski
From a place named Bukowo, beech
-
Bury
Grey-brown, dun colored
-
Burzyński
From a place named Burzyn, storm
C
-
Cebula
Onion
-
Chmielewski
From a place named Chmielewo, hops
-
Chojnacki
From a place named Chojnata, pine
-
Chopin
Composer's family name, of French origin
-
Chrzanowski
From a place named Chrzanów, horseradish
-
Chudy
Thin, skinny
-
Cichy
Quiet, silent
-
Ciesielski
Carpenter's son, or from Ciesielsko
-
Cieślak
Son of the carpenter
-
Cieślik
Little carpenter
-
Cybulski
From a place named Cybulice, onion
-
Cygan
From Cygan, a Roma person, or a nickname for a wanderer
-
Czajka
Lapwing bird
-
Czapla
Heron
-
Czarnecki
From a place named Czarnca, black
-
Czartoryski
Princely family from Czartorysk
-
Czech
Bohemian, person from Bohemia
-
Czerwiński
From a place named Czerwin, red
D
-
Dąbek
Little oak
-
Dąbrowski
From a place named Dąbrowa, oak grove
-
Dębski
From a place named Dęby, oak
-
Długosz
Tall man
-
Dobosz
Drummer
-
Domagała
Demanding one
-
Domański
From a place named Domanice
-
Drozd
Thrush bird
-
Dróżdż
Yeast
-
Duda
Bagpipe, bagpiper
-
Dudek
Hoopoe bird, a simpleton
-
Dziedzic
Heir, landowner
F
-
Fijałkowski
From a place named Fijałków, violet
-
Filipiak
Son of Filip
-
Frankowski
From a place named Franki
G
-
Gajda
Bagpipe, clumsy one
-
Gajewski
From a place named Gajewo, grove
-
Gąsiorowski
From a place named Gąsiorowo, gander
-
Gawron
Rook, crow
-
Glinka
Clay soil
-
Głowacki
From głowa, head, or a place name
-
Gołąb
Pigeon, dove
-
Gorczyca
Mustard
-
Górecki
From a place named Górka, small hill
-
Górski
From the mountain, hill dweller
-
Grabowski
From a place named Grabów, hornbeam
-
Gruszka
Pear
-
Grzegorczyk
Son of Grzegorz
-
Grzelak
Son of Grzegorz
-
Grzyb
Mushroom
-
Gwóźdź
Nail
H
-
Hajduk
Foot soldier, brigand
I
-
Iwanowski
Son of Iwan
J
-
Jabłoński
From a place named Jabłonna, apple tree
-
Jagiełło
Lithuanian royal house, from Jogaila
-
Jakubowski
From a place named Jakubów
-
Janik
Son of Jan
-
Jankowski
From a place named Janków
-
Jarosz
From Jarosław, or a vegetarian
-
Jarząbek
Hazel grouse
-
Jasiński
From a place named Jasień, ash tree
-
Jaworski
From a place named Jawor, sycamore
-
Jędrzejewski
Son of Jędrzej, Andrew
-
Jeleń
Deer, stag
-
Jóźwiak
Son of Józef
K
-
Kaczmarczyk
Son of the innkeeper
-
Kaczmarek
Son of the innkeeper
-
Kaczyński
From a place named Kaczyn, duck
-
Kaleta
Leather pouch, purse
-
Kalinowski
From a place named Kalinowo, viburnum
-
Kamiński
From a place named Kamień, stone
-
Kania
Kite, bird of prey
-
Kapusta
Cabbage
-
Karpiński
From a place named Karpin, carp
-
Kasprzak
Son of Kasper
-
Kasprzyk
Son of Kasper
-
Kaźmierczak
Son of Kazimierz
-
Kędzierski
Curly-haired
-
Kisiel
Sour fruit jelly
-
Klimek
Little Klemens
-
Kmiecik
Little peasant farmer
-
Kolasa
Cart, carriage
-
Kołodziej
Wheelwright
-
Kołodziejczyk
Son of the wheelwright
-
Konieczny
Necessary, or living at the end
-
Konopka
Hemp, or linnet bird
-
Kopeć
Soot, smoke
-
Korzeniowski
From a place named Korzeniów, root
-
Kos
Blackbird
-
Kościuszko
Diminutive of Konstanty
-
Kot
Cat
-
Kowal
Smith
-
Kowalczyk
Son of the smith
-
Kowalewski
From a place named Kowalewo, smith
-
Kowalik
Little smith, or nuthatch bird
-
Kowalski
Smith, from kowal
-
Kozak
Cossack
-
Kozioł
Billy goat
-
Kozłowski
From a place named Kozłów, goat
-
Krajewski
From a place named Krajewo, border
-
Krawczyk
Son of the tailor
-
Krawiec
Tailor
-
Król
King
-
Kruk
Raven
-
Krupa
Groats, barley grain
-
Krzemiński
From a place named Krzemień, flint
-
Krzyżanowski
From a place named Krzyżanów, cross
-
Kubiak
Son of Kuba, Jacob
-
Kubicki
From a place named Kubice, Jacob
-
Kubik
Little Jakub
-
Kucharski
Cook, from kucharz
-
Kulesza
Thick porridge, noble clan
-
Kulik
Curlew, sandpiper
-
Kurek
Little rooster
-
Kwaśniewski
From a place named Kwaśniewo, sour
-
Kwiatkowski
From a place named Kwiatków, flower
-
Kwiecień
April, born in April
L
-
Lasek
Small forest
-
Laskowski
From a place named Laskowo, from lasek, grove
-
Lech
From the personal name Lech, of the legendary founder of Poland
-
Lenart
From Leonard
-
Leszczyński
From a place named Leszno, hazel
-
Lewandowski
From a place named Lewandów
-
Lipiński
From a place named Lipno, linden tree
-
Lipka
Little linden tree
-
Lis
Fox
-
Lisowski
From a place named Lisów, fox
-
Łoś
Elk, moose
-
Lubomirski
Princely family from Lubomierz
-
Łuczak
Son of Łukasz
-
Łukasik
Son of Łukasz
M
-
Maciejewski
Son of Maciej, or from Maciejów
-
Maj
May
-
Majewski
From a place named Majewo, May
-
Makowski
From a place named Maków, poppy
-
Malec
Little one, youngster
-
Małecki
From a place named Małe, small
-
Malinowski
From a place named Malinowo, raspberry
-
Marciniak
Son of Marcin
-
Marczak
Son of Marek
-
Marek
Mark
-
Markowski
From a place named Marków
-
Matusiak
Son of Matus, Matthew
-
Matuszewski
From a place named Matuszewo, Matthew
-
Mazur
Person from Masovia
-
Mazurek
Little Masovian
-
Michalak
Son of Michał
-
Michalski
Son of Michał
-
Mickiewicz
Son of Micek, Nicholas
-
Mikołajczyk
Son of Mikołaj, Nicholas
-
Milewski
From a place named Milewo
-
Młynarz
Miller
-
Morawski
Moravian, from Moravia
-
Motyka
Hoe
-
Mróz
Frost
-
Mucha
Fly, small restless person
-
Musiał
Nickname from musiał, he had to
N
-
Nawrocki
Possibly from nawrót, return, or from a place name
-
Niedźwiecki
From a place named Niedźwiedź, bear
-
Niemiec
German
-
Niewiadomski
Unknown, of unknown origin
-
Nowacki
From a place named Nowaki, new
-
Nowak
New man, newcomer
-
Nowakowski
From a place named Nowaki
-
Nowicki
From a place named Nowice
O
-
Olejnik
Oil presser
-
Olszewski
From a place named Olszewo, alder
-
Orłowski
From a place named Orłów, eagle
-
Orzechowski
From a place named Orzechowo, walnut
-
Osiński
From a place named Osiny, aspen
-
Ostrowski
From a place named Ostrów, island
-
Owczarek
Little shepherd
-
Ożóg
Poker, fire iron
P
-
Paderewski
From a place named Paderewo
-
Pająk
Spider
-
Panek
Little lord, petty noble
-
Pasternak
Parsnip
-
Pawlak
Son of Paweł
-
Pawlik
Little Paweł
-
Pawłowski
Son of Paweł, or from Pawłów
-
Piekarz
Baker
-
Pieniążek
Small coin
-
Pietrzak
Son of Piotr
-
Pietrzyk
Little Piotr
-
Pilarski
Sawyer, from piła, saw
-
Pilch
Dormouse
-
Piotrowski
Son of Piotr, or from Piotrów
-
Pluta
Rainy sleety weather
-
Polak
Pole, Polish person
-
Poniatowski
Royal family from Poniatowa
-
Popławski
From a place named Popławy, meadow
-
Potocki
From a place named Potok, stream
-
Prus
Prussian
-
Przybylski
From a place named Przybyły, newcomer
-
Ptak
Bird
R
-
Radomski
From the city of Radom
-
Radziwiłł
Lithuanian noble house, of uncertain meaning
-
Rak
Crayfish
-
Ratajczak
Son of the rataj, a ploughman or peasant farmer
-
Rogowski
From a place named Rogów, horn
-
Romanowski
From a place named Romanowo
-
Rudnicki
From a place named Rudnik, ore mine
-
Rusin
Ruthenian, East Slav
-
Rutkowski
From a place named Rutki
-
Rybak
Fisherman
-
Rzepka
Little turnip
S
-
Sadowski
From a place named Sadowo, orchard
-
Sapieha
Lithuanian princely house
-
Sawicki
From a place named Sawice
-
Serafin
Seraph, from the given name
-
Sienkiewicz
Son of Sieńko, Simon
-
Sikora
Titmouse bird
-
Sikorski
From a place named Sikory, titmouse
-
Skiba
Furrow, slice of bread
-
Skóra
Leather, hide
-
Skowronek
Skylark
-
Słowik
Nightingale
-
Sobczak
Son of Sobek, a short form of Sobiesław
-
Sobczyk
Son of Sobek, a short form of Sobiesław
-
Sobieski
Royal family from Sobieszyn
-
Sobolewski
From a place named Sobolewo, sable
-
Sokół
Falcon
-
Sokołowski
From a place named Sokołów, falcon
-
Sowa
Owl
-
Sowiński
From a place named Sowina, owl
-
Sroka
Magpie
-
Stachowiak
Son of Stach, Stanisław
-
Stankiewicz
Son of Stanko, Stanisław
-
Stasiak
Son of Staś, Stanisław
-
Stępień
Of uncertain origin, possibly from stępa, a pounding mortar
-
Stolarz
Joiner, cabinetmaker
-
Strzelecki
From a place named Strzelce, marksman
-
Świątek
Little holiday, born on a feast day
-
Szczepański
Son of Szczepan, Stephen
-
Szczygieł
Goldfinch
-
Szeląg
Shilling coin
-
Szewczyk
Son of the shoemaker
-
Szulc
Village headman, from German Schulz
-
Szwed
Swede
-
Szydło
Awl, cobbler's tool
-
Szymański
From Szymon, Simon
-
Szymczak
Son of Szymon, Simon
T
-
Tarnowski
From a place named Tarnów, blackthorn
-
Tomaszewski
From a place named Tomaszew
-
Tomczak
Son of Tomasz
-
Turek
Turk
U
-
Urbański
Son of Urban
W
-
Walczak
Son of Walenty
-
Wasilewski
Son of Wasyl, Basil
-
Wawrzyniak
Son of Wawrzyniec, Laurence
-
Wesołowski
From a place named Wesołowo, cheerful
-
Wieczorek
Little evening, evening child
-
Wierzbicki
From a place named Wierzbica, willow
-
Wilczyński
From a place named Wilczyn, wolf
-
Wilk
Wolf
-
Winiarski
Wine maker, wine seller
-
Wiśniewski
From a place named Wiśniewo, cherry
-
Witkowski
From a place named Witków
-
Włodarczyk
Son of the steward
-
Wojciechowski
Son of Wojciech
-
Wójcik
Diminutive of wójt, village headman, or of Wojciech
-
Wojtkowiak
Son of Wojtek, Wojciech
-
Wolski
From a place named Wola, free village
-
Woźniak
Carter, coachman
-
Wróbel
Sparrow
-
Wróblewski
From a place named Wróblewo, sparrow
-
Wysocki
From a place named Wysokie, high
Z
-
Zając
Hare
-
Zajączkowski
From a place named Zajączki, hare
-
Żak
Student, young scholar
-
Zalewski
From a place named Zalewo, flooded land
-
Zaremba
Notch, hewn mark, noble clan
-
Zawadzki
From a place named Zawada, obstacle
-
Zięba
Chaffinch
-
Zieliński
Green, from zielony
-
Ziółkowski
From a place named Ziółków, herb
-
Żukowski
From a place named Żukowo, beetle
-
Żurawski
From a place named Żurawie, crane
Generate random polish surnames
Filter by first letter, length and rarity, add a first name to preview the full name, then copy or save your favorites.
Results (6)
-
Kucharski
Cook, from kucharz
-
Wilk
Wolf
-
Lubomirski
Princely family from Lubomierz
-
Prus
Prussian
-
Kaczmarczyk
Son of the innkeeper
-
Maciejewski
Son of Maciej, or from Maciejów
No surnames match those filters. Try a different letter or length.
Saved names
Names you save will appear here. They stay in this browser only.
How Polish last names are built
Polish surnames are easiest to understand by their endings. The famous -ski and -cki forms are adjectives, usually meaning of or from a place, so Dąbrowski points to a village called Dąbrowa (oak grove) and Kamiński to a place named after stone. They began among the nobility, who took names from their estates, but from the sixteenth century onward townspeople and peasants adopted them too, and today they are the most widespread type in Poland.
Other endings tell different stories. Names in -wicz and -owicz, such as Mickiewicz or Jankowicz, mean son of and are more frequent in eastern Poland and among families from Lithuania and Belarus. Endings like -ak, -czyk and -ek often mark a son or a smaller version of something: Kowalczyk is the son of a smith, and Wójcik the son of the village head. Many plain nouns became surnames too, such as Nowak (the new man), Mazur (a person from Masovia) and Wróbel (sparrow).
The most common Polish last names
Nowak is the most common surname in Poland, followed by Kowalski, Wiśniewski, Wójcik, Kowalczyk, Kamiński, Lewandowski, Zieliński, Szymański and Woźniak. Kowalski, from kowal (smith), is so ordinary that Poles use it the way English speakers use John Smith. Wiśniewski comes from wiśnia, cherry, through a place name, and Woźniak is linked to woźny, a court official, or woźnica, a coachman. The list above gives these and hundreds of rarer names with meanings.
Gender matters in Polish. Surnames ending in -ski, -cki and -dzki change to -ska, -cka and -dzka for women, so Jan Kowalski's wife and daughter are Kowalska. Names that are nouns, like Nowak or Wróbel, stay the same for both. Older forms such as Nowakowa for a wife and Nowakówna for a daughter are now rare. Outside Poland most families use the masculine form for everyone, which is why American women are usually called Kowalski.
How common Polish last names changed in America
Well over a million Poles emigrated to the United States between the 1870s and the First World War, many to Chicago, Detroit, Buffalo, Milwaukee and the coal and steel towns of Pennsylvania. Ellis Island inspectors worked from ship manifests written in Europe, so they rarely changed anyone's name at the island. Changes came later, when immigrants or their children simplified a name for work or school, or when they applied for citizenship.
The most common change was dropping Polish letters, so Wiśniewski became Wisniewski and Żak became Zak. Some families shortened a long name, turning Szczepański into Shepanski or Shepard, and a few translated it outright, as when Kowalski became Smith. If you are researching a Polish ancestor, search for spelling variants and for German or Russian forms too, since Poland was partitioned between Prussia, Russia and Austria when most emigrants left.
Frequently asked questions
Why do so many Polish last names end in -ski?
The -ski ending turns a place or thing into an adjective, roughly meaning of or from. Nobles first used it for their estates, and it spread to all classes because it sounded dignified. Many peasants who took surnames in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries chose -ski forms based on the names of their villages.
Which common Polish last names suit a modern character?
For an everyday Polish character, Nowak, Kowalski, Wiśniewski, Wójcik and Kowalczyk are realistic and instantly recognisable to Polish readers. For something less expected, try names from nature or trades, such as Wróbel, Kaczmarek (innkeeper), Sikora (a small bird, the tit) or Mazur. Remember to use the feminine -ska form for women living in Poland.
How do you pronounce Polish letters in names?
A few rules help a lot. W sounds like v, so Wójcik is VOO-cheek. Sz is sh, cz is ch, and rz or ż sound like the s in measure. Ł sounds like English w, which makes Michał sound like MEE-how. Ą and ę are nasal vowels, and stress almost always falls on the second to last syllable.
Were Polish names changed at Ellis Island?
Almost never at the island itself. Inspectors checked names against passenger lists compiled at the port of departure. Most changes happened later and by choice, when immigrants anglicised their names at work, in school or during naturalisation. That is why one family can appear with a Polish spelling on the manifest and an American one in the 1920 census.
More last name lists
- Japanese Last Names
- Italian Last Names
- French Last Names
- Russian Last Names
- Korean Last Names
- German Last Names
- Mexican Last Names
- Spanish Last Names
- Irish Last Names
- Hispanic Last Names
- Indian Last Names
- Greek Last Names
- Chinese Last Names
- American Last Names
- African American Last Names
- Arabic Last Names
- Asian Last Names
- Dutch Last Names
- English Last Names
- Old English Last Names
- Filipino Last Names
- Hawaiian Last Names
- Native American Last Names
- Norwegian Last Names
- Portuguese Last Names
- Puerto Rican Last Names
- Scottish Last Names
- Swedish Last Names
- Turkish Last Names
- Vietnamese Last Names
- Welsh Last Names
- Jewish Last Names
- British Last Names
- Italian American Last Names
- Irish American Last Names
- Japanese American Last Names
- Asian American Last Names
- Latin American Last Names
- South American Last Names
- Scots-Irish Surnames
- African Last Names
- Australian Last Names
- Brazilian Last Names
- Canadian Last Names
- Colombian Last Names
- Cuban Last Names
- Czech Last Names
- Danish Last Names
- Dominican Last Names
- Egyptian Last Names
- Finnish Last Names
- Haitian Last Names
- Hebrew Last Names
- Icelandic Last Names
- Jamaican Last Names
- Nigerian Last Names
- Nordic Last Names
- Persian Last Names
- Roman Last Names
- Romanian Last Names
- Samoan Last Names
- Scandinavian Last Names
- Slavic Last Names
- Thai Last Names
- Ukrainian Last Names
- Afghan Last Names
- Albanian Last Names
- Amish Last Names
- Argentinian Last Names
- Armenian Last Names
- Austrian Last Names
- Basque Last Names
- Belgian Last Names
- Bengali Last Names
- Bosnian Last Names
- Bulgarian Last Names
- Cajun Last Names
- Cambodian Last Names
- Celtic Last Names
- Cherokee Last Names
- Creole Last Names
- Croatian Last Names
- Ecuadorian Last Names
- Ethiopian Last Names
- French Canadian Last Names
- Gaelic Last Names
- Georgian Last Names
- Ghanaian Last Names
- Guatemalan Last Names
- Hmong Last Names
- Honduran Last Names
- Hungarian Last Names
- Indonesian Last Names
- Inuit Last Names
- Iraqi Last Names
- Lebanese Last Names
- Lithuanian Last Names
- Malaysian Last Names
- Mongolian Last Names
- Moroccan Last Names
- Navajo Last Names
- Nepali Last Names
- Pakistani Last Names
- Palestinian Last Names
- Peruvian Last Names
- Punjabi Last Names
- Serbian Last Names
- Somali Last Names
- South African Last Names
- Swiss Last Names
- Syrian Last Names
- Venezuelan Last Names
- Most Common Last Names
- Unique Last Names
- Cool Last Names
- Good Last Names
- Cute Last Names
- Pretty Last Names
- Rare Last Names
- Rich Last Names
- Last Names for Boys
- Last Names for Characters
- Last Name Ideas
- Country Last Names